Etymology of Statistical and Probabilistic Terms

The following etymologies for statistical terms were mainly extracted/modified from http://www.etymonline.com/ unless otherwise attributed, e.g., (Wikipedia). My interest in making this collection was triggered by looking up the etymology of the common English word “average,” which is quite different from the corresponding German term “Durchschnitt” (cut through). Another early example was the term “sample.” For many terms the origins are quite obvious for anyone with a Latin or Greek education. The selections of terms are obvious in some cases, but others may seem far afield. Some terms only make a proper connection in combination with other terms, e.g., alternative together with hypothesis. For some terms, I am still looking for good references to quote, these are entered but marked by ??? Any suggestions for further terms are welcome.